Essay
Step 1: Introduction + Thesis Statement
Step 2: Argument 1 + Support
Step 3: Argument 2 + Support
Step 4: Argument 3 + Support
Step 5: Conclusion + restate the Thesis
Каждый Step 2,3,4 - это параграф, хорошо написанный параграф состоит из 5 элементов:
1. Topic sentence – выражает главную идею параграфа. Это название вашего параграфа и состоит обычно из одного предложения
2. Supporting sentence – развивает Topic sentence, дает reasons, examples, facts, and statistics 3. A concluding sentence – конец параграфа и основывается на том, что заставляет читателя запомнить главную идею параграфа.
4. Unity – подразумевает, что вы обсуждаете только одну главную идею, которая базируется на Topic sentence и затем каждое support sentences только развивает эту идею.
5. Coherence – логичность, сцепление предложений между собой словами-линками.
Давайте возьмем какую-нибудь тему и будем ее по шагам рассматривать:
Nuclear energy is the best way to meet our energy needs. Do you agree OR disagree?
Step 1: Introduction + Thesis Statement (Вы должны написать типа введения на эту тему, вводное , обобщающее предложение (в последнее время технологии быстро растут и необходимо много дешевой энергии, эта отрасль очень быстро развивается, строятся новые объекта и бла-бла-бла + в конце написать свое мнение, согласны вы или не согласны, например: In my opinion, nuclear energy is the best way to meet our energy needs. – это и будет ваш Thesis Statement (ваше утверждение)
Step 2: Argument 1 + Support (Затем вы даете первую причину почему вы так считаете (очень часто это должна быть как бы главная, самая важная причина MAIN POINT), это будет основная идея вашего параграфа и ее вы и должны развивать, например,
First of all, nuclear energy is cheaper than other kinds of energy – это ваш аргумент. Теперь ему надо дать поддержку (Support), описать: что вырабатывается очень много энергии, которой можно обеспечить весь город в течение 50-70 лет, соответственно затраты будут небольшие и стоимость составит намного меньше, чем использование других видов энергии. Привести пример обязательно: вот я живу тута в северном регионе, очень холодно, блин, у нас зимой, но рядом Ядерная станция – обогревает, освещает, да и счета приходят небольшие, так же и в промышленности – небольшая стоимость энергии при производстве товаров уменьшает стоимость товаров. A concluding sentence: В итоге, ядерная энергия действительно дешевле остальных видов энергии. ВСЕ! Здесь больше ничего не надо писать, потому что Argument 1 – про ЦЕНУ, дешево.
Step 3: Argument 2 + Support (даете вторую причину почему вы так думаете: Secondly, you don't need use other sources energy. Далее даете Support: не нужно каждый месяц подвозить уголь, газ, не надо переделывать оборудование, если вдруг уголь кончился. Даете пример: вот по новостям очень часто передают что закончился уголь/ газ на Power Station и сидел весь город без тепла и света целых три дня. A concluding sentence: если бы этот город использовал ядерную энергию, то проблем бы не было. ВСЕ! Здесь не надо писать больше ничего, потому что главная идея параграфа – Не нужно дополнительное топливо. (Типа удобно в эксплуатации – воткнул стержни урановые и пользуйся 100 лет)
Step 4: Argument 3 + Support - (Даем третью идею, (Argument 3) нашего параграфа – Finally, Nuclear Power Stations do not have gas emissions and do not pollute the environment. Даем Support – не выделяются вредные газы в воздух, станции очень надежны и постоянно контролируются. Даем пример: в России много ядерных станций и уровень выбросов минимальный (gas emission), нет ежедневных отходов и уровень радиации в норме. A concluding sentence: в итоге места где расположены ядерные станции ни чем не отличаются по загрязненности от остальных мест. ВСЕ!
Step 5: Conclusion + restate the Thesis – (это заключение которое обобщает то что вы написали в Steps 2,3,4 - In summary, ядерная энергия действительно является доступным видом энергии и решает все проблемы человечества. + restate the Thesis (это ваше мнение в первом параграфе, только написанное другими словами – это самое главное) – I think, a nuclear energy it is our future, I am for nuclear energy.
Showing posts with label IELTS. Show all posts
Showing posts with label IELTS. Show all posts
Sunday, 3 August 2008
Writing Task 2: Essay (2)
1. Introduction
2. Somebody's opinion (positive)
- your opinion about somebody's positive opinion (positive or negative)
- (supporting facts)
3. Somebody's opinion (negative)
- your opinion about somebody's negative opinion (positive or negative)
- (supporting facts)
4. Conclusion
Шаблоны для Introduction.
Part 1
38. To start with, it might be appropriate to mention that...
39. The purpose of my essay is to discuss...
- the situation of/in ...
- the problem of ...
40. Nowadays many people in Western (Eastern) countries prefer to…
41. Nowadays almost everyone in the world…
Part 2
42. First of all I should say that...
- these facts...
- known facts...
43. It is known that...
It is considered as...
It is obvious that...
It is thought that...
It seems that…
44. There have been several (something), but they have had generally little or no success at all...
Шаблоны для основной части сочинения.
45. From one side..., but from the other side...
46. On one hand..., but on the other hand...
47. Some people might argue that…
48. Doctors (scientists, businessmen, women, teachers etc.) might suggest that…
49. As we can see from the statistics…
50. It is very disappointing to see the decline of ...
- economics in our country
- morale state of the society
51. If we compare (smth) with (smth) it will give us the result of (smth)...
- understanding of this problem
52. The situation can be considered as (smth)..
- a disadvantage for ...
- an advantage for ...
53. On behalf of smth (Green Peace society, my family, Ukrainians, etc..)
- I may notice that..
- I can draw a conclusion that..
- I can suggest that…
54. There is no basis for such accusation...
55. The clash of societies is so obvious in terms of…
56. Beyond any facts (ideas, considerations) this is...
- the truth
- a good idea
- the best decision
57. I feel that it is very difficult
- to stop people ( from doing something)
58. Besides it is the best we can do...
59. I will not dare to accuse anyone of/for their...
- actions
- decisions
- thoughts
60. I completely agree/disagree with this opinion..
61. In this aspect I can add (say) that...
Шаблоны для Conclusion.
62. To conclude, I may say that this topic provokes a very long discussion but it is very difficult
to achieve a single answer.
63. To sum up, there are more advantages than disadvantages to (something), especially for
(somebody). In most cases, therefore,
- the cost is justified*
- it is a great value for money**
64. So, I can only conclude that..
65. However, even if we accept this idea, the problem of how we could (do something) remains.
2. Somebody's opinion (positive)
- your opinion about somebody's positive opinion (positive or negative)
- (supporting facts)
3. Somebody's opinion (negative)
- your opinion about somebody's negative opinion (positive or negative)
- (supporting facts)
4. Conclusion
Шаблоны для Introduction.
Part 1
38. To start with, it might be appropriate to mention that...
39. The purpose of my essay is to discuss...
- the situation of/in ...
- the problem of ...
40. Nowadays many people in Western (Eastern) countries prefer to…
41. Nowadays almost everyone in the world…
Part 2
42. First of all I should say that...
- these facts...
- known facts...
43. It is known that...
It is considered as...
It is obvious that...
It is thought that...
It seems that…
44. There have been several (something), but they have had generally little or no success at all...
Шаблоны для основной части сочинения.
45. From one side..., but from the other side...
46. On one hand..., but on the other hand...
47. Some people might argue that…
48. Doctors (scientists, businessmen, women, teachers etc.) might suggest that…
49. As we can see from the statistics…
50. It is very disappointing to see the decline of ...
- economics in our country
- morale state of the society
51. If we compare (smth) with (smth) it will give us the result of (smth)...
- understanding of this problem
52. The situation can be considered as (smth)..
- a disadvantage for ...
- an advantage for ...
53. On behalf of smth (Green Peace society, my family, Ukrainians, etc..)
- I may notice that..
- I can draw a conclusion that..
- I can suggest that…
54. There is no basis for such accusation...
55. The clash of societies is so obvious in terms of…
56. Beyond any facts (ideas, considerations) this is...
- the truth
- a good idea
- the best decision
57. I feel that it is very difficult
- to stop people ( from doing something)
58. Besides it is the best we can do...
59. I will not dare to accuse anyone of/for their...
- actions
- decisions
- thoughts
60. I completely agree/disagree with this opinion..
61. In this aspect I can add (say) that...
Шаблоны для Conclusion.
62. To conclude, I may say that this topic provokes a very long discussion but it is very difficult
to achieve a single answer.
63. To sum up, there are more advantages than disadvantages to (something), especially for
(somebody). In most cases, therefore,
- the cost is justified*
- it is a great value for money**
64. So, I can only conclude that..
65. However, even if we accept this idea, the problem of how we could (do something) remains.
Writing Task 2: Essay (1)
1st paragraph
1st variaton
Throughout this century, the role of … has increased considerably and the majority of people feel that this change is for better. … Nonetheless, in my opinion there is still a great deal of …
2nd variaton
… is an issue which frequently generates a great deal of heated debate with supporters maintaining that it is … in order to (protect) …, whilst opponents claim that it is … This question from my point of view is a controversial one. In the following paragraphs I will analyze both of these options and present my opinion.
2nd paragraph
The first thing that should be noted is that …
The main reason for this is that there are/is …
Obviously that …
As a result …
3rd paragraph
Secondly, it is a well-known fact that …
For instance …
So therefore …
4th paragraph
In addition to this information it should also be stressed that …
On condition that …
It can be illustrated by …
If earlier was only positive or negative
However , there is more than one way of looking at this problem.
In contrast, there are …
5th paragraph
Taking all this points into consideration I would say that …
I think, that the best course of action would be to attempt to achieve a balance between the … on the one hand and … on the other.
You can reduce amount of paragraphs down to 4.
Dont't use contracted forms like I haven't. Always write a full form as I have not.
1st variaton
Throughout this century, the role of … has increased considerably and the majority of people feel that this change is for better. … Nonetheless, in my opinion there is still a great deal of …
2nd variaton
… is an issue which frequently generates a great deal of heated debate with supporters maintaining that it is … in order to (protect) …, whilst opponents claim that it is … This question from my point of view is a controversial one. In the following paragraphs I will analyze both of these options and present my opinion.
2nd paragraph
The first thing that should be noted is that …
The main reason for this is that there are/is …
Obviously that …
As a result …
3rd paragraph
Secondly, it is a well-known fact that …
For instance …
So therefore …
4th paragraph
In addition to this information it should also be stressed that …
On condition that …
It can be illustrated by …
If earlier was only positive or negative
However , there is more than one way of looking at this problem.
In contrast, there are …
5th paragraph
Taking all this points into consideration I would say that …
I think, that the best course of action would be to attempt to achieve a balance between the … on the one hand and … on the other.
You can reduce amount of paragraphs down to 4.
Dont't use contracted forms like I haven't. Always write a full form as I have not.
Tuesday, 29 July 2008
READING: Question types
- ABC questions
- TFNG questions
- Three word questions
- Roman questions
- Matching
- Tables
- Gaps
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