Unit 1 Exercises 2

verb: think, is, love, dream, are, can, get, might, buy
noun: Henry, Claire, marrying, cafe, friend, Sarah, Mark, flower
adjective: wonderful, old, romantic
adverb: madly, unfortunately, rather, today, not, later
preposition: of, for, at, with
determiner:a, their, some
pronoun: he, her, they,
linking word: and, with, so, but

Unit 1 Exercises 1

1. the determiner
2. told verb
3. they pronoun
4. there adverb
5. he pronoun
6. finish verb
7. sociable adjective
8. in preposition
9. and linking world
10. totally adverb
11. an determiner
12. excellent adjective
13. but linking world
14. fun noun

More sentences

• This is becoming a great problem of modern society.
• Depression is a well-known psychological problem of modern society.
• There is no direct link between ...(mass media) and ...(antisocial behaviour).
• People are conscious creatures and they can choose the way to spend their free time that they prefer.
• ...(The life style of the individual) determines ...(the role of television in his or her free time), but not vice versa.
• People have the right ... (to be informed about the World they live in and its problems).
• The proper principle to apply, however, is that ...
• It is justifiable to ....(allow animal suffering).
• Past experience has shown
• There are indeed new issues raised by the advent of ...(genetic engineering and 'transgenic' animals).
• The fact that there are new issues here does not mean that there should ... (never be any experiments on animals).
• What is often overlooked in this debate is the subject of ...(veterinary medicine).
• (The application of this principle means that animals should never be experimented upon whatever) ... the potential gain for humanity.
• Furthermore, there are alternatives to ...(many tests that are currently done on animals - e.g. growing tissue or cell cultures from human cells in the laboratory).
• The advent of ...(genetic technologies) has made possible ...(all sorts of new and horrific acts of animal exploitation, from cloning sheep to creating mutant and hybrid creatures with no dignity or quality of life at all).
• It is only acceptable to ...(test human medicines on human beings if they give their consent).

Some sentences

• We are becoming increasingly dependent on...(computers, TV, the Internet).
• The prospects for this are...(quite alarming, wonderful, amazing).
• Countries can be faced with...(a problem of..., overpopulation, pollution).
• For that reason, it would seem that the best approach would be...(to work, to get, to provide something).
• This is the preferred way.
• It maybe necessary to consider ... (other measures, ways, solutions).
• ...(something, that way) can crate as many problems as it solves.
• Today, ...(something) has become a priority for ...(someone).
• It is important to remember that...
• Finally, I think it is also important ... (to remember, to make, to have).
• The reason why we have ...(so much packaging, pollution, so many troubles) is that... (we consume, we don't care, we smoke)
• ...(something - e.g. convenience) is also very important in modern life.
• I, think, therefore, that governments need to raise this awareness in general public.
• Certainly nobody wants ....(to see our planet poisoned by waste).
• People also say that ... (pets are dirty).
• To sum up, there are more advantages than disadvantages ... (to keeping a pet)
• In my opinion, something (television) is the most important (amazing, wonderful) technological development.
• Nowadays almost everyone in the world has access to ...(TV).
• ....(something) has caused significant changes in ...(something) and ...(something).
• Some of these changes have been positive while others have been negative.
• Also, the fact is that ... (people waste a lot of time watching poor quality programs)
• To sum up, I feel that, overall, there are...(strong positive effects)
• I feel that is very difficult to ...(stop teenagers experimenting with illegal drugs).
• It would be better if ... (anti-drugs campaigns were designed by...)
• Another thing which is supposed to ...(deter young drug-users) it the...(threat of long prison sentences)
• So, I only conclude that ...(no current methods from campaigns to jail sentences are effective).
• I think governments need to work harder ...(to find a realistic solution).
• It seems that...(salaries often do not relate to skill).
• In my opinion this is wrong, and I feel changes should be made to...(ensure that people such as pop stars do not earn such huge amounts of money).
• If we take the example of ... (a pop star such as Madonna, it is hard to see in what way she benefits society).
• Therefore, there is no justification for ...(her receiving so much money).
• However, even if we accept this idea, the problem of ...(how we could make salaries fairer) remains.
• Perhaps the only solution is ...(through much higher taxes for people who earn excessively high salaries.
• I think the main solution ...(to children's lack of exercise) has come from... (their parents).

Letter to a friend

Starting the letter

Thanks for your letter. Thank you for your letter.
It was wonderful to hear from you.
I'm sorry I haven't written before, but I've been very busy.

Thank-you letter

I just had to write to thank you for... (the wonderful party on Saturday).
Thanks very much for... (putting me up last week).
It was very kind of you to... (offer me the use of your flat in Paris).

Giving Advice

In your letter you said you weren't sure what to do about...(Jenny).
Well, if I were you, I'd... (talk things over with her face to face).
It will be wiser to...
Let me give you a useful bit of advice.
I consider it prudent for you not to...
I recommend you just relax.

Giving good news

I'm sure you'll be pleased to hear that...(Jane's expecting a baby in June).
By the way, did you know that...
You'll never guess what happened the other day! (Peter asked me to marry him.)

Giving bad news

I'm sorry to tell you that (I've just lost my job).
Bad news, I'm afraid. (I've to go into hospital next week).

Asking for help

I hope it's not too much to ask, but (could I come and see you next week?)
I wonder if I could ask a favour. Could you (lend me $... till I'm paid at the end of the month?)

Asking for an excuse

I'm writing to say sorry for (what I did last night). I wasn't thinking.
It was very silly of me.
I want to apologise for (ruining your new sofa. I know you said it didn't matter, but it was very clumsy of me to spill my drink all over it.)

In conclusion

Well, that's all for now.
I'll tell you more when I see you next week.
Thanks again (for last weekend).
I'm really (eagerly) looking forward to seeing you again.
See you on (the fifteenth).
Give my regards to (Mary).
My best regards to (Mary).
With my best wishes, yours...
Please pass on my good wishes to...
With love, yours affectionately...
Look after yourself! Take care! Take great care! Take better care of yourself!

Miscellany

I don't remember if I wrote you that...
Come to see us.
I hope my long latter doesn't bore you.
We'd love to hear from you by post or e-mail, if you're plugged in.
Well, over to my life now. It's been a very full year.
I draw much strength from your letter.
I'm happy to say our contacts has led to good friendship.
Your letter is a source of joy for me.
The time we have spent together are treasured moments.

There was trust between us. It was 'chemistry' as the English would say.

It would be wonderful thing to do it together.

I'll tell you what...

It was good to be with you.

To tell you the truth, I was a little bored when...

I expect I'll see you again in December.

What sort of man is your new friend?

Don't worry! Everything will sort itself out.

At the end of the letter

I have a quick final thought.

I don't care a bit; I couldn't care less.

Who cares?

Not that I care.

I am eager to help you.

If you come in June you will see our city at its best.

Thanks a lot for your letter.

I've been a bit slow to respond.

I'm sorry your letter didn't arrive at all.

There is an issue. I want to sort out with you.

I'll write you immediately at return.

So, I reiterate...

I'd like to stay in touch.

I've thought about your letter long and hard.

I hate to feel that I have caused hurt and I am sorry if I've unwillingly done so.

I hope you are well.

I'd very much like to hear from you directly how?

Linkers

Linkers (слова связки) - на них вообще делается упор и за них или отсутствие их зависит сильно на оценку. Немного теории: все слова связки делятся на три класса:

Addition самый простой и употребляемый это and (это линк когда вам надо связать два предложения которые добавляют информации друг к другу, но употреблять and это считается в writing очень низкий уровень поэтому and надо заменять другими линками более употребляемыми в formal language такие как:

Not only that, but ...
In addition,...
Moreover,...
Furthermore,...
What is more,...
Besides that ...

не надо смотреть на перевод этих слов, достаточно помнить что все они обозначают and и всегда начинают предложение, НИКОГДА не начинайте предложение с And... это очень существенная ошибка.


Opposition/contrast самый простой и известный это but, всегда этот линк используют в разговорном языке, в письменном использовать его считается очень низким уровнем, его можно заменить на:

Although..., ...
In contrast, ...
However, ...
Despite the fact that..., ...
Even though...
On the one hand..... On the other hand...

Cause and effect это because , so ( это когда какая то причина и because результат), заменяем их на следующие:

As a result, ...
Therefore,...
Consequently,...
Another cause of...
Because of...
Thus,...

Tips

Начнем с formal letters - обычно это жалобы или запросы их надо писать быстро, четко и укладываться в 20 мин. (при тренировках - 4-5 жалоб это будет казаться легко)

order ( в каком порядке вы все это пишите)

step 1- greeting and opening sentence. Dear Sir or Madam or Dear Mr Jones (I am writing to complain about и далее по теме задания) или I am writing to you concerning (redarging/ in connection with) service that I have recently received in your store. То есть в первом параграфе вы должны указать зачем выпишите в общем. Identify the complaint , reason are you writing.


Step 2: Опиши причины, почему ты жалуешься, что тебя не устраивает, обычно это НЕ МЕНЕЕ ДВУХ причин. Justify your complaint (explain the reason you are complaing = discribe problems) - здесь обязательно должно быть два параграфа которые между собой связываются linkers и предложения также должны иметь linkers.


Step 3: Что ты хочешь от компании (обычно это возврат денег, скидку на следующую покупку, замена на другое или извинения) Demand action (What you want the company to do) a refund, replacement, discount, an apology.


I would be grateful if you would forward a replacement something and consider a discount because of the delay in delivery, or forward a refund of the purchase price at the something. Please find enclosed a photocopy of the cheque.


Step 4: Closing sentences politely, signing off: I hope this situation will not occur again.


I really appreciate your looking into this. Please don't hesitate to phone me on the following phone number:


I am looking forward to hearing from you at your earliest convenience.


Yours faithfully


Синим выделено то что вы можете просто вызубрить и написать почти вслепую - а это 80 слов из 150.





logical flow (каждое следующее предложение должно вытекать из предыдущего по смыслу) - это значит например: если вы описываете первую проблему, опишите что неправильно(цвет не тот, не работает, срок поставки просрочен), не надо сразу делать вывод и писать: верните мне деньги, надо далее описать вторую проблему и затем только затем сделать вывод, что вы хотите получить.


Каждый новый абзац начинать последовательно, то есть использовать введение абзаца:


Firstly = First of all,… = For one thing, ….= A major benefit s that…


Second,... For another thing, … = furthermore,…

Finally,.. = yet another advantage,..

To conclude,… = In short,…= To summarize,…=In summary...



Linkers (слова связки) - на них вообще делается упор и за них или отсутствие их зависит сильно на оценку. Немного теории: все слова связки делятся на три класса:


Addition самый простой и употребляемый это and (это линк когда вам надо связать два предложения которые добавляют информации друг к другу, но употреблять and это считается в writing очень низкий уровень поэтому and надо заменять другими линками более употребляемыми в formal language такие как: Not only that, but ...


In addition,...


Moreover,...


Furthermore,...


What is more,...


Besides that ...


не надо смотреть на перевод этих слов, достаточно помнить что все они обозначают and и всегда начинают предложение, НИКОГДА не начинайте предложение с And... это очень существенная ошибка.


Opposition/ contrast самый простой и известный это but, всегда этот линк используют в разговорном языке, в письменном использовать его считается очень низким уровнем, его можно заменить на:


Although..., ...


In contrast, ...


However, ...


Despite the fact that..., ...


Even though...


On the one hand..... On the other hand...


Cause and effect это because , so ( это когда какая то причина и because результат), заменяем их на следующие:


As a result, ...


Therefore,...


Consequently,...


Another cause of...


Because of...


Thus,...

правильно использовать замену and because but - это добавит баллов к вашей писанине. Каждое предложение Step 2 должно содержать линк, это еще 6-8 слов из 150.

еще раз повторяю не надо эти линки переводить на русский, просто их надо запомнить к какому классу они относятся и какое слово ключевое: and или but или because.


Это самое простое пояснение этих линков которое я когда-либо встречала, когда нам на уроке все это рассказали и разложили по полкам, я сразу поняла и стала ими оперировать очень просто а раньше были проблемы

grammar - ну здесь нет ничего простого и сложного, главное не забывать что бы в предложении был глагол и артикль перед существительным, собственно и все.


spelling - на него вообще не обращают внимания, так что если слово вообще будет исковеркано но предложение понятно по смыслу - за это не снизят, но естественно не в каждом слове.

Если все эти советы сложить в кучу и пользоваться только простым построением предложений при написании, то получиться не так уж и плохо...

(from gday forum, author Keikko)