Spelling of -ing and -ed forms

1. Verbs that end in a consonant and -E
   -ing form: if the word ends in -e, drop the -e and add -ing (Exception: if a verb ends in -ee final -e is not dropped: seeing, agreeing, freeing.
   -ed form: if the word ends in a consonant and -e, just add -d
   hope hoping hoped
   date dating dated
   injure injuring injured


2. Verbs that end in a vowel and a consonant
   One-syllable verbs
   1 vowel -> 2 consonants (Exception: -w and -x are not doubled: plow-plowed; fix-fixed
   stop stopping stopped
   rob robbing robbed
   beg begging begged
   2 vowels -> 1 consonant
   rain raining rained
   fool fooling fooled
   dream dreaming dreamed
   Two-syllable verbs
   1st syllable stressed - 1 consonant
   listen listening listened
   offer offering offered
   open opening opened
   2nd sulable stressed - 2 consonant
   begin beginning (began)
   prefer preferring preferred
   control controlling controlled


3. Verbs that end in two consonant
   If the word ends in two consonants, just add the ending.
   start starting started
   fold folding folded
   demand demanding demanded


4. Verb that and in -y
   If -y is preceded by a vowel, keep the -y.
   enjoy enjoying enjoyed
   pray praying prayed
   bay baying (bought)
   If -y is preceded by a consonant:
   -ing form: keep the -y and add -ing.
   -e form: change -y to -i and add -ed
   study studying studied
   try trying tried
   reply replying replied


5. Verb that and at -ie
   -ing form: Change -ie to y and add -ing.
   -ed form: Add -d
   die dying died
   lie lying lied